Rebecca Sylvia Rebecca Sylvia

INTRODUCTION TO APPROACHES

An introduction to the psychological approaches: biological, behavioural, social learning theory the cognitive approach psychodynamic theory and humanism .

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Rebecca Sylvia Rebecca Sylvia

A TIMELINE OF PSYCHOLOGY

A TIMELINE OF PSYCHOLOGY

Discover the fascinating journey of psychology, from its philosophical beginnings to the scientific discipline it is today. Explore major milestones, key theories, and groundbreaking experiments that have shaped our understanding of human behaviour and the mind.

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Rebecca Sylvia Rebecca Sylvia

ORIGINS OF PSYCH

ORIGINS OF PSYCHOLOGY: WUNDT

Discover Wilhelm Wundt’s pioneering role in psychology as he established the first experimental lab and introduced introspection. Explore how his work marked the beginning of psychology as a scientific discipline.

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PSYCHOLOGY APPROACHES, BEHAVIOURSIM, BEHAVORISM, LEARNING THEORY, CLASSICAL CONDITIONING, PAVLOV'S DOGS, OPERANT CONDITIONING, POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT, NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT, POSITIVE PUNISHMENT, NEGATIVE PUNISHMENT, SCHEDULES OF REINFORCEMENT, BLANK SLATE, TABULA RASA, JOHN WATSON, SKINNERS BOX, UCS, UNCONDITIONED STIMULUS, NS, NEUTRAL STIMULUS, CONDITIONED STIMULUS, CONDITIONED RESPONSE, UNCONDIONED RESPONSE, BEHAVIOUR MODIFICATION Rebecca Sylvia PSYCHOLOGY APPROACHES, BEHAVIOURSIM, BEHAVORISM, LEARNING THEORY, CLASSICAL CONDITIONING, PAVLOV'S DOGS, OPERANT CONDITIONING, POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT, NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT, POSITIVE PUNISHMENT, NEGATIVE PUNISHMENT, SCHEDULES OF REINFORCEMENT, BLANK SLATE, TABULA RASA, JOHN WATSON, SKINNERS BOX, UCS, UNCONDITIONED STIMULUS, NS, NEUTRAL STIMULUS, CONDITIONED STIMULUS, CONDITIONED RESPONSE, UNCONDIONED RESPONSE, BEHAVIOUR MODIFICATION Rebecca Sylvia

BEHAVIOURAL APPROACH

AN INTRODUCTION TO LEARNING APPROACHES

Dive into the behaviourist approach, a foundational psychological perspective that focuses on how we learn through interaction with our environment. Discover classical conditioning, exemplified by Pavlov’s research with dogs, and operant conditioning, which explores how reinforcement shapes behaviour, as demonstrated in Skinner’s experiments. Explore the types of reinforcement and how they influence learning and behaviour in everyday life.

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VICARIOUS REINFORCEMENT, SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY, ALBERT BANDURA, BOBO DOLLS, OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING, THE ROLE OF MEDIATIONAL PROCESSES, IMITATION OF ROLE MODELS, ATTENTION RETENTION REPRODUCTION MOTIVATION, SELF EFFICACY Rebecca Sylvia VICARIOUS REINFORCEMENT, SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY, ALBERT BANDURA, BOBO DOLLS, OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING, THE ROLE OF MEDIATIONAL PROCESSES, IMITATION OF ROLE MODELS, ATTENTION RETENTION REPRODUCTION MOTIVATION, SELF EFFICACY Rebecca Sylvia

SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY

AN INTRODUCTION TO SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY

Uncover the principles of social learning theory, which highlights the importance of observing and imitating others. Explore key concepts such as imitation, identification, modelling, and vicarious reinforcement. Learn about the role of mediational processes in learning and delve into Bandura’s influential research, including his famous Bobo doll experiments, which demonstrate how behaviour is learned through observation.

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PSYCHOLOGY APPROACHES, THE COGNITIVE APPROACH, STEVEN PINKER, COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, COGNITIVE SCIENCE, EXPERIMENTAL COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY, SCHEMA THEORY, CHOMSKY, The Language Acquisition Device (LAD), COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY, COGNITIVE COMPUTER SCIENCE, BF SKINNER, COGNITIVE DISSONANCE, COGNITIVE BIASES, CBT, COGNITIVE BEHAVIOURAL THERAPY, COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY, STEREOTYPES, HEURISTICS, AVAILABILITY HEURISTIC Rebecca Sylvia PSYCHOLOGY APPROACHES, THE COGNITIVE APPROACH, STEVEN PINKER, COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, COGNITIVE SCIENCE, EXPERIMENTAL COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY, SCHEMA THEORY, CHOMSKY, The Language Acquisition Device (LAD), COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY, COGNITIVE COMPUTER SCIENCE, BF SKINNER, COGNITIVE DISSONANCE, COGNITIVE BIASES, CBT, COGNITIVE BEHAVIOURAL THERAPY, COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY, STEREOTYPES, HEURISTICS, AVAILABILITY HEURISTIC Rebecca Sylvia

COGNITIVE APPROACH

AN INTRODUCTION TO THE COGNITIVE APPROACH

Discover the cognitive approach, which focuses on studying internal mental processes such as perception, memory, and problem-solving. Learn about the role of schemas in shaping thought and behaviour and how psychologists use theoretical and computer models to explain and make inferences about mental processes. Explore the emergence of cognitive neuroscience, where brain imaging techniques reveal the biological basis of cognition, bridging the gap between psychology and neuroscience.

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THE BIOLOGICAL APPROACH, THE MEDICAL APPROACH, NEUROSCIENCE, GENETIC APPROACH Rebecca Sylvia THE BIOLOGICAL APPROACH, THE MEDICAL APPROACH, NEUROSCIENCE, GENETIC APPROACH Rebecca Sylvia

THE BIOLOGICAL APPROACH

AN INTRODUCTION TO THE BIOLOGICAL APPROACH

Explore the biological approach, which examines how genes, biological structures, and neurochemistry influence behaviour. Understand the concepts of genotype and phenotype and their roles in shaping individual differences. Learn about the genetic basis of behaviour and how evolutionary principles, such as natural selection, have shaped human and animal behaviour over time. This approach bridges biology and psychology, offering insights into behaviour's physiological and genetic foundations.

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EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIOBIOLOGY, NATURAL SELECTION, SEXUAL SELECTION, INTRA SEXUAL SELECTION, EEA, ENVIRONMENT OF EVOLUTIONARY ADAPTION, ANCESTRAL ENVIRONMENT, CHARLES DARWIN, SELECTIVE PRESSURE Rebecca Sylvia EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIOBIOLOGY, NATURAL SELECTION, SEXUAL SELECTION, INTRA SEXUAL SELECTION, EEA, ENVIRONMENT OF EVOLUTIONARY ADAPTION, ANCESTRAL ENVIRONMENT, CHARLES DARWIN, SELECTIVE PRESSURE Rebecca Sylvia

EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY

AN INTRODUCTION TO THE EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY APPROACH

Discover how evolutionary psychology explores human behaviour through the lens of natural selection and adaptation. This approach investigates how traits and behaviours, such as social bonding, mate selection, and fear responses, have evolved to solve survival and reproduction challenges faced by our ancestors. By examining the influence of evolutionary pressures on the human mind, evolutionary psychology provides a unique perspective on modern behaviours rooted in our distant past.

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THE PSYCHODYNAMIC APPROACH, THE PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH, THE TRIPARTITE PERSONALITY, THE ICEEBURG ANALOGY, THE ID EGO AND SUPEREGO, SIGMUND FREU'S THEORY, PSYCHOANALYSIS, DREAM ANALYSIS, FREE ASSOCIATION, EGO DEFENCE MECHANISMS, PSYCHO SEXUAL STAGES, OEDIPUS COMPLEX, ELECTRA COMPLEX, ANAL STAGE, ORAL STAGE, PHALLIC STAGE, GENITAL STAGE, LATENCY STAGE, DISPLACEMENT, PROJECTION, REPRESSION, REGRESSION, DENIAL, THE UNCONSCIOUS, THE PRE CONSCIOUS, THANATOS, EROS, LIBIDO, ORAL GRATIFICATION, ANALLLY RETENTIVE Rebecca Sylvia THE PSYCHODYNAMIC APPROACH, THE PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH, THE TRIPARTITE PERSONALITY, THE ICEEBURG ANALOGY, THE ID EGO AND SUPEREGO, SIGMUND FREU'S THEORY, PSYCHOANALYSIS, DREAM ANALYSIS, FREE ASSOCIATION, EGO DEFENCE MECHANISMS, PSYCHO SEXUAL STAGES, OEDIPUS COMPLEX, ELECTRA COMPLEX, ANAL STAGE, ORAL STAGE, PHALLIC STAGE, GENITAL STAGE, LATENCY STAGE, DISPLACEMENT, PROJECTION, REPRESSION, REGRESSION, DENIAL, THE UNCONSCIOUS, THE PRE CONSCIOUS, THANATOS, EROS, LIBIDO, ORAL GRATIFICATION, ANALLLY RETENTIVE Rebecca Sylvia

THE PSYCHODYNAMIC APPROACH

AN INTRODUCTION TO THE PSYCHODYNAMIC APPROACH

Explore the psychodynamic approach, which delves into the unconscious mind as a key influence on human behaviour. Learn about Freud's structure of personality—Id, Ego, and Superego—and how these elements interact to shape thoughts and actions. Discover defence mechanisms like repression, denial, and displacement, which protect us from psychological distress. This approach also examines Freud's psychosexual stages, revealing how early experiences can impact personality development and adult behaviour. Dive into the fascinating world of the unconscious and its role in shaping who we are.

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Rebecca Sylvia Rebecca Sylvia

HUMANISM APPROACH

HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGY: AN INTRODUCTION

Discover humanistic psychology, a perspective that celebrates free will and the drive for self-actualisation. Explore Maslow's hierarchy of needs, highlighting the journey towards reaching one’s full potential. Learn about the concept of the self, congruence, and how conditions of worth influence our sense of identity and well-being. This approach’s focus on personal growth and individuality has profoundly shaped counselling psychology, fostering empathetic, client-centred therapy techniques to help individuals lead more authentic and fulfilling lives.

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Rebecca Sylvia Rebecca Sylvia

COMPARISONS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACHES

A COMPARISON OF PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACHES

Delve into the major psychological approaches and uncover how they compare in their explanations of behaviour. Explore the behaviourist focus on environmental learning, the biological emphasis on genetics and neurochemistry, and the psychodynamic exploration of the unconscious mind. Contrast these with the cognitive study of mental processes, the humanistic celebration of free will and self-actualisation, and the evolutionary perspective on adaptation and survival. This guide highlights the unique methods, assumptions, and applications of each approach, offering a comprehensive overview of psychology’s diverse perspectives.

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